alwahatech - Using the Past Participle

Using the Past Participle

All verbs have four principal parts: the base form, the past form, the present participle and the past participle. We use the past participle in the following ways:

Participial phrases
Irritated by the inefficiency, the boss yelled at the workers.
Based on the results of the tests, we changed our plan.
Raised in Vermont, I was used to cold winters.

Participial adjectives
The bored students sat quietly through the lecture.
The teacher was determined to finish the chapter.
I was pleased to see that the boss liked my idea.

With the perfect tenses
I've stayed at the hotel several times.
Peter hadn't earned enough money to buy a car yet.

With the passive voice
The store was closed by the time we got there.
Electrical charge is carried by subatomic particles.

I've been fired and I don't know what I'm going to do.

When sodium and chlorine meet, an electron is exchanged

and each atom ends up with a filled electron shell. (filled is a participial adjective)

Forming the Past Participle
The past participle of regular verbs is formed by adding -d or -ed to the base form of the verb

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The past participle of irregular verbs must be memorized. Here are a few common irregular verbs in the four forms

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